However, Mehmed demanded that the Cossacks submit to Ottoman rule. Submit to my rule. Their response to this command is a letter abounding with insults and profanities. What is it: This is 'Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire', also known as 'Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto' painted by Ilya Repin between 1880 and 1891.. Why is it Awesome? The original reply, if it ever existed, has not survived; however, in the 1870s an amateur ethnographer from Yekaterinoslav (today Dnipro), Ya. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire, also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto (Ukrainian: Запорожці пишуть листа турецькому султану), is a painting by Russian artist Ilya Repin.The 2.03 m (6 foot 7 inch) by 3.58 m (11 foot 9 inch) canvas was started in 1880 and finished in 1891. According to the story, Mehmed IV, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sent an ultimatum demanding durrender to the Zaporozhian Cossacks after their initial victory against his troops. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks is a historical tableau, set in 1676, exploiting the legend of the reply that the Cossacks sent the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV. Dating of the list is uncertain, as is the fact that the letter is authentic or not. The painting may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. The Zaporozhye Cossacks writing a letter to the Turkish Sultan Painting. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks is a historical tableau, set in 1676, exploiting the legend of the reply that the Cossacks sent the Sultan of Ottoman Empire.The Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host (from 'beyond the rapids', za porohamy), inhabiting the lands around the lower Dnieper River in Ukraine, had defeated Ottoman Turkish forces in battle. There is a painting that depicts the moment Cossacks replied to the Ottoman Sultan called . The Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host ( 'beyond the rapids', za porohamy), inhabiting the lands around the lower Dnieper River in Ukraine, had defeated Ottoman Turkish . In 1676, the Zaporozhian Sich was led by Ivan Sirko, who had been elected as their kosh otaman. The Zaporozhye Cossacks writing a letter to the Turkish Sultan Painting. This is a museum-grade reproduction of the Ilya Repin painting "Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire," also known as "Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto." The canvas was started in 1880 and finished in 1891. wall26 - Reply of The Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of The Ottoman Turkey Empire by Ilya Repin - Canvas Print Wall Art Famous Painting Reproduction - 16" x 24" . Cossacks did not like this. This is a museum-grade reproduction of the Ilya Repin painting "Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire," also known as "Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto." The canvas was started in 1880 and finished in 1891. Again, the exact year is dependent upon the source, and while that . Again, the exact year is dependent upon the source, and while that . The painting depicts a rowdy group of Zaporozhian Cossacks who are replying to a demand sent to them by Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire Painting. "The Cossacks Write a Letter to the Sultan", by Ilya Repin By 1640, the Ottoman Empire, centered in Istanbul (then known as Constantinople), was one of the most powerful forces in Europe. The Cossacks defeated the Ottoman Turkish forces in battle in 1676 . 0. In 1615, a fleet of 80 Zaporozhian Cossack boats, called chaiky, slipped into the harbor of Constantinople and razed the entire area around the harbor to the ground. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire, also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto (Ukrainian: Запорожці пишуть листа турецькому султану), is a painting by Russian artist Ilya Repin. Ilya Repin 3 Reply Of The Zaporozhian Cossacks To Sultan Mehmed Iv Of Ottoman Empire1 Painting . Painted between 1880 and 1898, Ilya Repin's audacious Realist canvas Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey is an imagined reproduction of a historical tableau in which a profane and defiant letter is sent by the proud Cossacks to the invading Turkish forces, particularly Sultan Mehmed IV. The authenticity of the reply, along with the original missive, is up for debate, but it was supposedly written in the latter 1600s. He gave it to historian Dmytro Yavornytsky (1855-1940), who by chance read it to his guests, among whom was the painter Ilya Repin. The Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host (from 'beyond the rapids', za porohamy), inhabiting the lands around the lower Dnieper River in Ukraine, had defeated Ottoman Turkish forces in battle. Repin conceived of the painting as a study in laughter and a . We will have to settle for the picture painted in 1891 by the Russian artist Iliá Repin and titled precisely Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire, where he shows the amusing scene of composition of the missive. He was aided by a head secretary (pysar), head judge, and head archivist.During military operations the Otaman carried unlimited power supported by his staff as the military collegiate. The Cossacks, led by Ivan Sirko, replied in an uncharacteristic manner: they wrote a letter, replete with insults and profanities. Celebrating the strength and humour of these cartoonish individuals Repin . This response is commemorated in the famous late 19th-century painting Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks by the Russian painter Ilya Repin. His nephew, Sultan Mehmed IV , fared little better as the recipient of the legendary Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks , a ribald response to Mehmed's insistence that the Cossacks submit to his . Love of jokes, boldness, self- assertiveness and confidence in their mates incited the Cossacks to reply with an offensive and spiteful letter. . 'Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish sultan'), is a painting by Russian artist Ilya Repin.The 2.03 m (6 foot 8 inch) by 3.58 m (11 foot 9 inch . Sultan Mehmed IV said: As the Sultan; son of Muhammad; brother of the Sun and Moon . The painting is huge: the canvas measures 2.03 m (6 ft 8 in) by 3.58 m (11 ft 9 in) and it took 11 years to . Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire Painting . 'Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish sultan'), is a painting by Russian artist Ilya Repin.The 2.03 m (6 foot 8 inch) by 3.58 m (11 foot 9 inch . Mehmed sent a letter to the Cossacks asking them to submit to his Empire. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks . The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire. During that time, they entered into conflict with the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Mehmed IV. Context. The terminology and formulation of the report are reminiscent of the letter of the puffed-up sultan to the zaporozhsky cossacks , who then gave him an appropriate response. Repin recorded the years of work along the lower edge of the canvas. 0. (Photo by Culture Club/Getty Images) Embed. At that time, the Answer (1 of 2): The Polish version of the Zaporozhian letter to the Turkish sultan was found by the historian Taras Chuhlib in the department of manuscripts of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow. The Quaker Mary Fisher Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks (2 C, 21 F) Media in category "Correspondence between the Ottoman sultan and the Cossacks" The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. I painted it many years ago, as teenager. The artist tried to make another second version of cardboard canvas Mehmed that! Completed between 1880 and 1891 by Russian painter Ilya Repin, Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks depicts Cossacks (duh) drafting a reply to an ultimatum of surrender issued by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV. Daily History Facts - Cossacks reply to the Sultan. Answer: It was not awful. Despite his relatively heavy loss, the exceedingly ballsy Ottoman Sultan Mehmet IV had a letter written and sent to the Zaporozhian Cossacks demanding their unconditional surrender and subjugation. This is the painting.I'm not showing you the birthday card. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire is a painting by Ilya Repin which was uploaded on May 15th, 2020. The painting exhibits the Cossacks' pleasure at striving to come up with ever more base vulgarities. 05. View Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire After Repin Ilya; oil on canvas; 77 x 130 inches ; Signed; . This painting is roughly two meters high and three and a half meters wide. The 2.03 m (6 foot 7 inch) by 3.58 m (11 foot 9 inch) canvas was started . Copia eens briefs van den sultan 1652 ODC.png. Zapoprozgii Cossacks writing a mocking letter to the Turkish Sultan. la terminologie et la formulation du rapport rappellent la lettre du sultan bouffi aux cosaques zaporogues , qui lui répondirent , plus tard , fort à propos. #1. More from This Artist Similar Designs. Repin became fascinated by the story and, in 1880, started the first of his studies on the subject. It took Ilya Repin 11 years to complete this massive work — The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire is a joyful depiction of a Russian folktale. Completed between 1880 and 1891 by Russian painter Ilya Repin, Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks depicts Cossacks (duh) drafting a reply to an ultimatum of surrender issued by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV. $20. The story has been painted over 200 years later, by one of the most famous artists in Russian history: Ilya Repin. Led by Ivan Sirko, they decided to send back a nasty letter. The Cossacks, led by Ivan Sirko, replied in an uncharacteristic manner: they wrote a letter, replete with insults and profanities. Despite losing the battle, the Sultan demanded the Cossacks surrender to him. Perhaps my favorite bit of hate mail ever, the Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks is actually the title of a famous painting showing the raucous drafting of a semi-legendary letter sent as a bold response to a demand for military surrender. $45.05 $ 45. However, Mehmed demanded that the Cossacks submit to Ottoman rule. The original reply, if it ever existed, has not survived; however, in the 1870s an amateur ethnographer from Yekaterinoslav (today Dnipro), Ya. The irreverent letter the Cossacks wrote to the Ottoman Sultan in 1676. Answer (1 of 2): The Polish version of the Zaporozhian letter to the Turkish sultan was found by the historian Taras Chuhlib in the department of manuscripts of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow. The painting was acquired by Tsar Alexander III for 35,000 rubles, the largest sum then paid . Or else. JOIN MUTUALART. Repin consulted Yavornytsky during his work on the painting and made use of several artifacts from the historian's collection to use as accurate models. The recipient was Koshovyi Otaman Ataman Ivan . Access more artwork lots and estimated & realized auction prices on MutualArt. Novitsky, found a copy made in the 18th century. The scene imagines the historical circumstances around a letter that the Zaporozhian Cossacks purportedly . Well, to start, look at it! The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossacks Army, Zaporozhian Army (Ukrainian language: Військо Запорізьке ) or simply Zaporozhians (Ukrainian language: Запорожці Zaporozhtsi , Polish language: Kozacy zaporoscy , Czech language: Záporožští kozáci ) were Ukrainian Cossacks who lived beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River, the land also known as the Wild Fields . This was the culmination of a hundred years of naval raids that the Cossacks were conducting against various ports of the Ottoman Empire. Novitsky, found a copy made in the 18th century. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto (Russian: Запорожцы пишут письмо турецкому султану, romanized: Zaporozhtsy pishut pis'mo turetskomu sultanu, lit. However, Mehmed demanded that the Cossacks submit to Turkish rule. We know that an insulting letter was actually written in the 1660s in answer to a letter from Sultan Mohammed IV of the Turkish Empire. This is the painting.I'm not showing you the birthday card. The Cossacks defeated the Ottoman Turkish forces in battle in 1676, but the Sultan wanted them to submit to Turkish rule, and (as the legend goes) the Cossacks wrote an insulting letter in reply. (106.7 x 181.5 cm.) 2008 yr. oil on canvas. MotionAge Designs. $20. In response, the Zaporozhians sent back what may be the most wonderfully insulting diplomatic message in history. #mountaingeneral #cossackletter #ottomanempireThanks again for 60k subs! 53419418. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire, also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto, oil on canvas (1891) by Ilya Repin. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks is a historical tableau, set in 1676, exploiting the legend of the reply that the Cossacks sent the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV. The Zaporozhian Cossacks inhabited the Ukrainian steppes and not only refused to submit but had the audacity to repeatedly defeat armies sent to subdue them. The Zaporozhian Cossack Letter. The irreverent letter the Cossacks wrote to the Ottoman Sultan in 1676. It went something like this: As the Sultan; son of Muhammad; brother of the sun and moon; grandson and viceroy of God; ruler of the kingdoms of . The legend is topic of the Cossacks writing common letter of reply from the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV demanded that the Cossacks submit to Turkish rule. Cossacks write mocking letter to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire.Original held at the State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks depicts a supposedly historical tableau, set in 167. Russians of that period (1676) wore beards and long hair. The painting is by Ilya Repin, the great 19th century Russian painter. The Cossacks writing a letter to Mehmed IV in 1676. Wikipedia: "Alexander III bought the painting for 35,000 rubles, at . He decided with an agreement from the Rada . The Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host (from 'beyond the rapids', za porohamy), inhabiting the lands around the lower This is incredibly based, the original hangs in the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg and depicts the Zaporozhian Cossacks writing a letter to tell the Ottoman Sultan at the time to fuck off. Ilya Repin (1844-1930), The Zaporozhye Cossacks Replying to the Sultan, 1880-91, oil on canvas, 203 x 358 cm, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg, Ж-4005 Ilya Repin's The Zaporozhye Cossacks Writing a Reply to the Turkish Sultan is among the most renowned paintings of the 1800s. It was just to express that the Cossacks consider the sultan in a line with an ordinary low-class laborer. in 1676 the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, sent them a command. Ilya Repin 3 Reply Of The Zaporozhian Cossacks To Sultan Mehmed Iv Of Ottoman Empire1 Painting. Ilya Efimovich Repin. The Cossacks, led by Ivan Sirko, replied in an uncharacteristic manner: by writing an insulting letter. The sultan's letter started with a list of all his titles and the . Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks' - after painting by Ilya Repin, 1880 - 1891. Zaporozhian Cossacks of Ukraine Writing a Letter in Reply to the Sultan of Ottoman Empire Reply of the famous historic painting by Russian artist Ilia Repin (1844-1930), size 230 cm x 150 cm. The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. It was then that the troops of Sultan Mahmed IV. 1683 Polish version Cossack letter to the sultan.jpg 546 × 684; 95 KB. According to the story, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, who were inhabiting the lands around the lower Dnieper River in Ukraine, had defeated the Ottoman Empire forces in battle. The painting exhibits the Cossacks' pleasure at striving to come up with ever more base vulgarities. The Cossacks defeated the Otto Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire, also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto, oil on canvas (1891) by Ilya Repin. Wheelwrighting was not prestigious occupation, the wheelwrigths were believed to be always dirty with mud and grease because of the specificities of their job. Its title is, "The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks." It is based on a too-good-to-check legend about the Cossack band . The year is 1676. Estimate: Result: Join MutualArt to unlock sale information. In 17th century, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV sent a letter demanding the full surrender of Zaporozhian Cossacks. Date: 1676. . . The letter written to Turkish Sultan by Zaporozhian Cossacks is a legend dated back to ХVII century. The Sultan, busy to expand the Ottoman Empire, was busy moving towards Vienna and the West. The Cossacks writing a letter to Mehmed IV in 1676. Kind of appropriate. The alleged 1676 event was essentially the 17th century equivalent of telling a warship you weren't interested in complying . Cossacks wrote it in response to the demand of Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire to surrender. Cossacks write mocking letter to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV. 123. The Cossacks writing a letter to Mehmed IV in 1676. It was then that the troops of Sultan Mahmed IV. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks depicts a supposedly historical tableau, set in 1676, and based on the legend of Cossacks sending a reply to an ultimatum of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV. Image supplied by Mary Evans Prints Online 'Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish sultan'), is a painting by Russian artist Ilya Repin.The 2.03 m (6 foot 8 inch) by 3.58 m (11 foot 9 inch . But, he also wanted to go East and North at the same time. And that is why their Russian nickname - khokhly. Ilya Efimovich Repin . Original held at the State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. Zaporozhian Cossacks sacked Crimean Kaffa and freed the slaves in 1616. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto (Russian: Запорожцы пишут письмо турецкому султану, romanized: Zaporozhtsy pishut pis'mo turetskomu sultanu, lit. "Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks" by Ilya Repin. The original reply, if it ever existed, has not survived; however, in the 1870s an amateur ethnographer from Yekaterinoslav (today Dnipro), Ya. The text of this answer has also been preserved, full of the most refined insults addressed to the "lord of the brilliant Port". Replyofthe Zaporozhian Cossacks is a historical tableau, set in 1676, exploiting the legend of the reply that the Cossacks sent the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV. The Spirit of the Cossacks. 42 x 71½ in. Repin recorded the years of work along the lower edge of the canvas. It is rare to find a nomadic people whose struggle against the sedentary empires have been as tenacious as the . In 1675, following skirmishes between the Ottoman Empire and a Ukrainian army called the Zaporozhian Cossacks, the Ottoman sultan, Mehmed IV, sent the Cossacks a letter by courier, demanding that . Title: Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire Artist: Ilya Repin (1844 - 1930) Original Size: 358 x 203 cms / 140.9 x 79.9 inches Medium: Oil on Canvas Location: State Musem, St Petersburg, Russia Photo Credit: Superstock Image ID: 4266-5955 Year: 1880 ~~~ The Zaporozhian Host was led by the Sich Rada that elected a Kosh Otaman as the host's leader. The Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host inhabited the lands around the lower Dnieper River in Ukraine They had defeated Ottoman Turkish forces in battle. The original epistle was written around 1676. The story of this masterpiece by the great Russian artist is well known: the Zaporozhye Cossacks are writing a response to the Turkish Sultan's proposal to go over to the side of the Ottoman Empire. . The Famous Cossack Letter immortalized in the painting "Zaporozhian Cossacks of Ukraine Writing a Letter in Reply to the Sultan of Turkey" by Ilya Repin is a historical puzzle. Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire had mounted an unsuccessful attack against the Zaporozhian Cossacks found in modern day Ukraine. By 1615 and 1625, Cossacks had managed to raze townships on the outskirts of Constantinople, forcing the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV to flee his palace. A historical conflict inspired this work; the Zaporozhian Cossacks were a sizeable independent group that settled in the region now known as Ukraine. It depicts the Cossacks in revelry writing a reply to Mehmed IV, trying to come up with better and better insults. Russian paintings, Mikhail Glinka, who lived on the steppes Ukraine. The original epistle was written around 1676. However, Mehmed demanded that the Cossacks submit to Ottoman rule. Not. View Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire After Repin Ilya; oil on canvas; 77 x 130 inches ; Signed; . It is reported that around 1675 the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV sent a letter to the Zaporozhian Cossacks, which put the ultimatum to make them stop attacking his lands and unconditionally surrendered to his rule. $17. The content of the letter went something along the lines of: "Zaporozhian Cossacks to the Turkish Sultan! He sent the Zaporozhian Cossacks this letter: "Sultan Mehmed IV to the Zaporozhian Cossacks: Feb 11, 2011. Yavornytsky is portrayed on the painting of Ilya Repin's "The Satirical Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey" as the secretary penning the letter to the Sultan. However, the Sultan of Ottoman Empire . In that year, they won a battle against the Ottoman armies, however the Sultan decided to bring more troops into the Ukraine and subjugate the entire country. 76. Access more artwork lots and estimated & realized auction prices on MutualArt. That is what Ukrainians did and it was one striking difference between the two people. The Painting. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks depicts a supposedly historical tableau, set in 1676, and based on the legend of Cossacks sending a reply to an ultimatum of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV. This painting depicts the story of the Zaporozhian Cossacks who, having defeated the forces of the Ottoman Empire in battle, are nonetheless commanded to submit to Turkish rule. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto (Russian: Запорожцы пишут письмо турецкому султану, romanized: Zaporozhtsy pishut pis'mo turetskomu sultanu, lit. The mid and late 17th century wasn't especially fun for just . The authenticity of the reply, along with the original missive, is up for debate, but it was supposedly written in the latter 1600s. The canvas is 6'8" x 11'9", was started in 1880 and finished in 1891. . Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire Oil Paintings Replica Wall Art Of Ilya Repin Posters-70x100cm Frameless. The attitude of the cossacks towards the Ottoman empire invokes a certain degree of respect for cossack carelessness. Rudolph Ernst. Ilya Repin, Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, 1880-1891, State Russian Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia. The alleged 1676 event was essentially the 17th century equivalent of telling a warship you weren't interested in complying . Please note: images depicting historical events may contain themes, or have descriptions, that do not reflect current understanding. In the later part of the 17th century, the ruling Sultan of the Ottoman Empire sent an edict to the Ukrainian Cossacks on his northern border, demanding that they stop launching raids into his territory. >> Anonymous 05/06/22(Fri)17:18:54 No. The painting depicts a rowdy group of Zaporozhian Cossacks who are replying to a demand sent to them by Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire. He gave it to historian Dmytro Yavornytsky (1855-1940), who by chance read it to his guests, among whom was the painter Ilya Repin. Olivia Colman + Adrian Edmondson read letters between Sultan Mehmed IV and the Zaporozhian Cossacks (3:56 YouTube) In 1675, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, a fierce army of warriors based in the Wild Fields of Ukraine whose Koshovyi (chief) at the time was Ivan Sirko, received by courier a letter from Mehmed IV, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, in . 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Sich was led by Sultan Mehmed IV in 1676 to unlock sale information is dependent upon the,. ; Anonymous 05/06/22 ( Fri ) 17:18:54 No that is why their nickname... Tableau, set in 167 Mehmed that century Russian painter you weren & # ;. Dated back to ХVII century better and better insults Cossacks purportedly express that the troops of Sultan Mahmed.. Line with an offensive and spiteful letter insulting diplomatic message in history zaporozhian cossacks' letter to the ottoman sultan paintings Replica wall,...
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