The minority Bulgars formed a close-knit ruling caste. [298] As of 2019[update], Sofia is the most populated urban centre with 1,241,675 people, followed by Plovdiv (346,893), Varna (336,505), Burgas (202,434) and Ruse (142,902). Bulgaria then transitioned into a democracy and a market-based economy. [384], Football is the most popular sport in the country by a substantial margin. [270] Bulgaria was known as a "Communist Silicon Valley" during the Soviet era due to its key role in COMECON computing technology production. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. Bulgarian citizenship can also be acquired by naturalization. Sozopol was the last Bulgarian settlement to fall, in 1453. Birthplace citizenship in Bulgaria is the right of everyone born in the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria citizenship (provided that there is no other citizenship). [262][263][264][265] Chronic government underinvestment in research since 1990 has forced many professionals in science and engineering to leave Bulgaria. [90] Bulgaria suffered little war damage and the Soviet Union demanded no reparations. [346] The enormous body of work of Ivan Vazov (18501921) covered every genre and touched upon every facet of Bulgarian society, bridging pre-Liberation works with literature of the newly established state. In 1185, Asen dynasty nobles Ivan Asen I and Peter IV organised a major uprising and succeeded in re-establishing the Bulgarian state. [45] Their horde was a remnant of Old Great Bulgaria, an extinct tribal confederacy situated north of the Black Sea in what is now Ukraine and southern Russia. [26][27][28] The Thracians excelled in metallurgy and gave the Greeks the Orphean and Dionysian cults, but remained tribal and stateless. [48] Boris I abolished paganism in favour of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in 864. [349] Nestinarstvo, a ritual fire-dance of Thracian origin, is included in the list of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. [271] A concerted effort by the communist government to teach computing and IT skills in schools also indirectly made Bulgaria a major source of computer viruses in the 1980s and 90s. The war resulted in significant territorial losses and a total of 87,500 soldiers killed. A new administrative structure was adopted in parallel with the decentralisation of the economic system. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will be submitting the following information collection request to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and clearance in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. The Black Sea coast is the country's lowest point. [122] The population of Bulgaria comprises of one major ethnic group and about 40 minority groups. [209], The Yugozapaden planning area is the most developed region with a per capita gross domestic product (PPP) of $29,816 in 2018. [196][197] From a largely agricultural country with a predominantly rural population in 1948, by the 1980s Bulgaria had transformed into an industrial economy, with scientific and technological research at the top of its budgetary expenditure priorities. [303][304] Population density is 65 per square kilometre, almost half the European Union average. There is no official religion, and the majority of religious Bulgarians are adherents of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. [227][228] Along with organised crime, corruption has resulted in a rejection of the country's Schengen Area application and withdrawal of foreign investment. [285], Telephone services are widely available, and a central digital trunk line connects most regions. [150][151] The Oresharski government resigned in July 2014 amid continuing large-scale protests. Antons mother was born in 1946 in Bulgaria as a Bulgarian citizen. Parties must register with the commission prior to participating in a national election. [346][364][365][366][367][368][369][excessive citations], Bulgarian performers have gained acclaim in other genres like electropop (Mira Aroyo), jazz (Milcho Leviev) and blends of jazz and folk (Ivo Papazov). [110] It became a member of NATO in 2004[111] and participated in the War in Afghanistan. The lowest recorded temperature is 38.3C (36.9F), while the highest is 45.2C (113.4F). ", "Bulgaria: Anti-Government Protests Continue for a Ninth Day", "Bulgaria election: PM Borissov's party wins but falls short of majority | DW | 05.04.2021", "Bulgaria faces fresh elections as Socialists refuse to form a government", "Democracy Index 2017: Free speech under attack", "The Bulgarian Legal System and Legal Research", "US State Dept criticises Bulgaria on prisons, judiciary, corruption, people-trafficking and violence against minorities", "Questions arise again about Bulgaria's legal system", "Transparency International report: Bulgaria perceived as EU's most corrupt country", "Bulgaria Sets Up Anti-Corruption Unit; Security Chief Steps Down", "State Agency for National Security Official Website", "European Commission Enlargement Archives: Treaty of Accession of Bulgaria and Romania", "Vietnam Thanks Bulgaria for University Graduates", "Russia's borders: old ties pull Bulgaria in two directions", "US, Bulgaria sign defence co-operation agreement", International Institute for Strategic Studies, "Bulgaria Will Modernize Its Army. The longest river located solely in Bulgarian territory, the Iskar, has a length of 368 kilometres (229mi). [191] The land forces consist of two mechanised brigades and eight independent regiments and battalions; the air force operates 106 aircraft and air defence systems across six air bases, and the navy operates various ships, helicopters and coastal defence weapons. [108] After 2001, economic, political and geopolitical conditions improved greatly,[109] and Bulgaria achieved high Human Development status in 2003. [346] After the Liberation, Ivan Mrkvika, Anton Mitov, Vladimir Dimitrov, Tsanko Lavrenov and Zlatyu Boyadzhiev introduced newer styles and substance, depicting scenery from Bulgarian villages, old towns and historical subjects. [292] Equipment for a second nuclear power station at Belene has been acquired, but the fate of the project remains uncertain. The ruling Communist Party gave up its monopoly on power after the revolutions of 1989 and allowed multiparty elections. The government has diverted EU funds to sympathetic media outlets and bribed others to be less critical on problematic topics, while attacks against individual journalists have increased. [39][40] The Slavs assimilated the partially Hellenised, Romanised, and Gothicised Thracians in the rural areas. Its market economy is part of the European Single Market and is largely based on services, followed by industryespecially machine building and miningand agriculture. [11][12][13] Tribal groups in Inner Asia with phonologically close names were frequently described in similar terms, as the Buluoji, a component of the "Five Barbarian" groups, which during the 4th century were portrayed as both: a "mixed race" and "troublemakers". 25 (1) of the Constitution. Bulgaria is located on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Apart from the six minority tribes discussed above, other ethnic groups in Bulgaria include Ukrainians who are approximately 1,800, Macedonians (1,700), Greeks (1,379), Jews (1,200), Tatars, and Romanians. [377] Mavrud, Rubin, Shiroka melnishka, Dimiat and Cherven Misket are the typical grapes used in Bulgarian wine. [286], The population of Bulgaria is 6,447,710 people according to the government's official 2022 estimate. The October 2014 elections resulted in a third GERB victory. Learn first the names of the countries you would like to visit. [51][50] A golden age began during the 34-year rule of Simeon the Great, who oversaw the largest territorial expansion of the state. [322] Over 80% of deaths are due to cancer and cardiovascular conditions; nearly a fifth of those are avoidable. ", "Bulgaria Absolutely Ready to Take Over EU Presidency, Minister Says", United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, " ", " ", "Europe & North America: 297 biosphere reserves in 36 countries", "Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes n Bulgaria", "Bulgaria Environmental Summary, UNData, United Nations", "Report on European Environment Agency about the Nature protection and biodiversity in Europe", "Bulgaria Achieves Kyoto Protocol Targets IWR Report", "Bulgaria's Air Is Dirtiest in Europe, Study Finds, Followed by Poland", "High Air Pollution to Close Downtown Sofia", "Bulgaria's Sofia, Plovdiv Suffer Worst Air Pollution in Europe", "Industrial facilities causing the highest damage costs to health and the environment", "Bulgaria's quest to meet the environmental acquis", "Report on European Environment Agency about the quality of freshwaters in Europe", "Overview of direct democratic instruments in Bulgaria", "Fitch: Early Bulgaria Elections Would Create Fiscal Uncertainty", "Bulgarian Cabinet Faces No-Confidence Vote Over Atomic Plant", "Bulgarian government resigns amid growing protests", "Protests in Bulgaria and the new practice of democracy", "Rightist GERB holds lead in Bulgaria's election", "PM Hopeful: New Bulgarian Cabinet Will Be 'Expert, Pragmatic', "Bulgaria parliament votes for a 'Mario Monti' to lead government", "Bulgarians protest government of 'oligarchs', "Timeline of Oresharski's Cabinet: A Government in Constant Jeopardy", "Bulgaria's Grand Parliament Chessboard Might Be Both Ailment and Cure", "Bulgaria's Borisov plasters together coalition government", "Bulgaria's government will include far-right nationalist parties for the first time", "Fresh Protest Wave Gains Momentum in Bulgaria. [336][337], Bulgarian is the only language with official status. She is French. In 1920 there were 2 Bulgarian families living in New York. [127] Overall, 41,493 plant and animal species are present. [213][214] National PPP GDP was estimated at $143.1billion in 2016, with a per capita value of $20,116. [211][212] GDP per capita (in PPS) and the cost of living in 2019 stood at 53 and 52.8% of the EU average (100%), respectively. [353] The schools' emphasis on Christian scriptures made the Bulgarian Empire a centre of Slavic culture, bringing Slavs under the influence of Christianity and providing them with a written language. [279][280] Bulgarian instruments have been used in the exploration of Mars, including a spectrometer that took the first high quality spectroscopic images of Martian moon Phobos with the Phobos 2 probe. [109] The political system has three brancheslegislative, executive and judicial, with universal suffrage for citizens at least 18 years old. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. [21][22] The treasure has been valuable for understanding social hierarchy and stratification in the earliest European societies. [273][274], Bulgaria has made numerous contributions to space exploration. November record high: https://m.dir.bg/weather/novini/s-32-4-c-veliko-tarnovo-schupi-95-godishen-natsionalen-rekord, The interaction of climatic, hydrological, geological and topographical conditions has produced a relatively wide variety of plant and animal species. [35], By the end of the 1st century AD, Roman governance was established over the entire Balkan Peninsula and Christianity began spreading in the region around the 4th century. [148] WebThe certificate must state that one of your ancestors is born in Bulgaria and is of Bulgarian origin. [370] Bulgarian media were described as generally unbiased in their reporting in the early 2000s and print media had no legal restrictions. The Byzantines were engaged in prolonged warfare against Persia and could not defend their Balkan territories from barbarian incursions. [275] These include two scientific satellites, more than 200 payloads and 300 experiments in Earth orbit, as well as two cosmonauts since 1971. Counterintelligence and national security are the responsibility of the State Agency for National Security. [105] The first free elections in June 1990 were won by the Communist Party, now rebranded as the Bulgarian Socialist Party. [116] Most rivers are short and with low water levels. [323] Although healthcare in Bulgaria is nominally universal,[324] out-of-pocket expenses account for nearly half of all healthcare spending, significantly limiting access to medical care. She is French. [117][114], Bulgaria has a varied and changeable climate, which results from being positioned at the meeting point of the Mediterranean, Oceanic and Continental air masses combined with the barrier effect of its mountains. If you have Bulgarian citizens in your family tree over the last three generations, you are now eligible for Bulgarian nationality based on ancestry (among your parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents). [375][376] The 2016 harvest yielded 128 million litres of wine, of which 62 million was exported mainly to Romania, Poland and Russia. [294], The national road network has a total length of 19,512 kilometres (12,124mi),[295] of which 19,235 kilometres (11,952mi) are paved. [129] Flora includes more than 3,800 vascular plant species of which 170 are endemic and 150 are considered endangered. [140] Water quality began to improve in 1998 and has maintained a trend of moderate improvement. [52], After Simeon's death, Bulgaria was weakened by wars with Magyars and Pechenegs and the spread of the Bogomil heresy. [65], Bulgarians were subjected to heavy taxes (including Devshirme, or blood tax), their culture was suppressed,[65] and they experienced partial Islamisation. Its territory covers an area of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855sqmi), while land borders with its five neighbouring countries run a total length of 1,808 kilometres (1,123mi), and its coastline is 354 kilometres (220mi) long. [250] Bulgaria is also the largest producer globally of lavender and rose oil, both widely used in fragrances. [353] Tzvetan Todorov is a notable contemporary author,[358] while Bulgarian-born Elias Canetti was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1981. Continental air masses bring significant amounts of snowfall during winter. [379], Bulgaria appeared at the first modern Olympic games in 1896, when it was represented by gymnast Charles Champaud. [374] Yogurt, lukanka, banitsa, shopska salad, lyutenitsa and kozunak are among the best-known local foods. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The massacres prompted the Great Powers to take action. Founded in the 7th century, Bulgaria is one of the oldest states on the European continent. [287][288] Internet penetration stood at 69.2% of the population aged 1674 and 78.9% of households in 2020. WebNationality; Countries and Nationality Vocabulary. Sofia, Plovdiv, Veliko Tarnovo, coastal resorts Albena, Golden Sands and Sunny Beach and winter resorts Bansko, Pamporovo and Borovets are some of the locations most visited by tourists. For other uses, see. After several years of reforms, it joined the European Union and the single market in 2007, despite EU concerns over government corruption. 9 Bulgaria was formed 1339 years ago. [361] Bulgarian folk music has a distinctive sound and uses a wide range of traditional instruments, such as gadulka, gaida, kaval and tupan. [171] The General Directorate of National Police (GDNP) combats general crime and maintains public order. Meat consumption is lower than the European average, given a cultural preference for a large variety of salads. [61], The Asen dynasty became extinct in 1257. [63] The Ottomans completed their conquest of Bulgarian lands in 1393 when Tarnovo was sacked after a three-month siege and the Battle of Nicopolis which brought about the fall of the Vidin Tsardom in 1396. [346], The Bulgarian National Radio, bTV and daily newspapers Trud, Dnevnik and 24 Chasa are some of the largest national media outlets. [114] Musala, at 2,925 metres (9,596ft), is the highest point in both Bulgaria and the Balkans. Bulgaria is a highly centralised state where the Council of Ministers directly appoints regional governors and all provinces and municipalities are heavily dependent on it for funding. [16][17] The Karanovo culture arose circa 6,500 BC and was one of several Neolithic societies in the region that thrived on agriculture. [354][355][356] Its alphabet, Cyrillic script, was developed by the Preslav Literary School. [282][283] Another lunar mission, SpaceIL's Beresheet, was also equipped with a Bulgarian-manufactured imaging payload. According to a National Statistical Institute survey of December, 1992, in a state of 8,472,724 citizens, 85.8% declare themselves Bulgarians, 9.7% Turks, and 3.4% Roma. [334] The Ministry of Education and Science partially funds public schools, colleges and universities, sets criteria for textbooks and oversees the publishing process. Continents and Countries [204] Most government spending on institutions is earmarked for security. [51][53] Preslav was seized by the Byzantine army in 971 after consecutive Rus' and Byzantine invasions. [66] Ottoman authorities established a religious administrative community called the Rum Millet, which governed all Orthodox Christians regardless of their ethnicity. [344], Sunni Muslims are the second-largest religious community and constitute 10% of Bulgaria's overall religious makeup. [382] Stefka Kostadinova is the reigning world record holder in the women's high jump at 2.09 metres (6feet 10inches), achieved during the 1987 World Championships. [68][69] The clergy remaining in some isolated monasteries kept their ethnic identity alive, enabling its survival in remote rural areas,[70] and in the militant Catholic community in the northwest of the country. (Then broke up a couple of times.) [317] Although women's suffrage was enabled relatively late, in 1937, women today have equal political rights, high workforce participation and legally mandated equal pay. This was about 67% of all the recorded Bulgarian's in USA. [186], Bulgaria deployed significant numbers of both civilian and military advisors in Soviet-allied countries like Nicaragua[187] and Libya during the Cold War. [219][220] Positive growth was restored in 2010 but intercompany debt exceeded $59 billion, meaning that 60% of all Bulgarian companies were mutually indebted. [313] Furthermore, a third of all households consist of only one person and 75.5% of families do not have children under the age of 16. Value added tax, excise duties, corporate and personal income tax are national, whereas real estate, inheritance, and vehicle taxes are levied by local authorities. [91], The left-wing coup d'tat of 9 September 1944 led to the abolition of the monarchy and the executions of some 1,0003,000 dissidents, war criminals, and members of the former royal elite. [91] By the mid-1950s, standards of living rose significantly and political repression eased. Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the Council of Europe; it is also a founding member of the OSCE, and has taken a seat on the United Nations Security Council three times. Continents and Countries Top 10 Nationalities in Bulgaria How to Ask Someone About Their Nationality How to Tell Someone Your Nationality Country, City, Nationality and Language in Bulgarian How BulgarianPod101 Can Help You Learn Bulgarian Answers to Practical Exercises 1. They established the First Bulgarian Empire, victoriously recognised by treaty in 681 AD by the Eastern Roman Empire. [98] Compared to wartime levels, national GDP increased five-fold and per capita GDP quadrupled by the 1980s,[99] although severe debt spikes took place in 1960, 1977 and 1980. [164], Bulgaria has a civil law legal system. Many of these are personified as witches, whereas other creatures like zmey and samodiva (veela) are either benevolent guardians or ambivalent tricksters. The provinces are subdivided into 265 municipalities. [64] The Bulgarian nobility was subsequently eliminated and the peasantry was enserfed to Ottoman masters,[63] while much of the educated clergy fled to other countries. [210] It includes the capital city and the surrounding Sofia Province, which alone generate 42% of national gross domestic product despite hosting only 22% of the population. [202], A balanced budget was achieved in 2003 and the country began running a surplus the following year. [85] More than 253,000 refugees from the lost territories immigrated to Bulgaria from 1912 to 1929,[86] placing additional strain on the already ruined national economy. [113], Bulgaria is a middle-sized country situated in Southeastern Europe, in the east of the Balkans. Over 75% of surface rivers meet European standards for good quality. Widespread corruption is a major socioeconomic issue; Bulgaria ranks among the most corrupt countries in the European Union. [15] Remains from Homo sapiens found there are dated c. 47,000yearsBP. It dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script. Continents and Countries Top 10 Nationalities in Bulgaria How to Ask Someone About Their Nationality How to Tell Someone Your Nationality Country, City, Nationality and Language in Bulgarian How BulgarianPod101 Can Help You Learn Bulgarian Answers to Practical Exercises 1. [101] Facing declining birth rates among the ethnic Bulgarian majority, Zhivkov's government in 1984 forced the minority ethnic Turks to adopt Slavic names in an attempt to erase their identity and assimilate them. Asparukh attacked Byzantine territories in Moesia and conquered the Slavic tribes there in 680. [333] Average basic literacy stands high at 98.4% with no significant difference between sexes. The mountainous southwest has two distinct alpine type rangesRila and Pirin, which border the lower but more extensive Rhodope Mountains to the east, and various medium altitude mountains to west, northwest and south, like Vitosha, Osogovo and Belasitsa. Our citizenship lawyers can assist you in obtaining a birth certificate of your deceased ancestors born in Bulgaria. The National Assembly has the power to enact laws, approve the budget, schedule presidential elections, select and dismiss the prime minister and other ministers, declare war, deploy troops abroad, and ratify international treaties and agreements. [60][61] In 1277, swineherd Ivaylo led a great peasant revolt that expelled the Mongols from Bulgaria and briefly made him emperor. [218], After several consecutive years of high growth, repercussions of the financial crisis of 20072008 resulted in a 3.6% contraction of GDP in 2009 and increased unemployment. [346] Pancho Vladigerov and Petko Staynov further enriched symphony, ballet and opera, which singers Ghena Dimitrova, Boris Christoff, Ljuba Welitsch and Nicolai Ghiaurov elevated to a world-class level. Bulgaria, officially Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgarian Republika Blgariya, country occupying the eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. [205] Taxes form the bulk of government revenue[205] at 30% of GDP. [241][242] Bulgaria is Europe's fifth-largest coal producer. It provided for a much smaller state, the Principality of Bulgaria, only comprising Moesia and the region of Sofia, and leaving large populations of ethnic Bulgarians outside the new country. [74][75], The Treaty of San Stefano was signed on 3 March 1878 by Russia and the Ottoman Empire. [332] The process spans 12 grades, in which grades one through eight are primary and nine through twelve are secondary level. A 2011 survey of 850 Muslims in Bulgaria found 30% self-professing as deeply religious and 50% as just religious. The Austrians first backed an uprising in Tarnovo in 1598, then a second one in 1686, the Chiprovtsi Uprising in 1688 and finally Karposh's Rebellion in 1689. [346], Folk music is by far the most extensive traditional art and has slowly developed throughout the ages as a fusion of Far Eastern, Oriental, medieval Eastern Orthodox and standard Western European tonalities and modes. [62][59] He was overthrown in 1280 by the feudal landlords,[62] whose factional conflicts caused the Second Bulgarian Empire to disintegrate into small feudal dominions by the 14th century. According to the study, some religious teachings, like Islamic funeral have been traditionally incorporated and are widely practiced while other major ones are less observed, like the Muslim prayer or abstaining from drinking alcohol, eating pork, and cohabitation. 87% of Bulgarian citizens embrace the Eastern Orthodox, and The Thracian Plain is roughly triangular, beginning southeast of Sofia and broadening as it reaches the Black Sea coast. [112] In addition, it has a tripartite economic and diplomatic collaboration with Romania and Greece,[183] good ties with China[184] and Vietnam[185] and a historical relationship with Russia. Antons mother was born in 1946 in Bulgaria as a Bulgarian citizen. Bulgarian Americans have an annual median household income of $76,862. [37] This enabled the Slavs to enter the Balkan Peninsula as marauders, primarily through an area between the Danube River and the Balkan Mountains known as Moesia. This article is about the country. [163] A 2018 survey by the Institute for Economics and Peace reported that less than 15% of respondents considered elections to be fair. Bulgarian citizen is anyone whose at least one parent is a Bulgarian citizen or who was born on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, if he/she does not acquire another citizenship by origin. Christo is the most famous Bulgarian artist of the 21st century, known for his outdoor installations. [29][31][32] It was weakened and vassalised by Philip II of Macedon in 341 BC,[33] attacked by Celts in the 3rd century,[34] and finally became a province of the Roman Empire in AD 45. [350][351], Nine historical and natural objects are UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Pirin National Park, Sreburna Nature Reserve, the Madara Rider, the Thracian tombs in Sveshtari and Kazanlak, the Rila Monastery, the Boyana Church, the Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo and the ancient city of Nesebar. [29] The Persian Achaemenid Empire conquered parts of present-day Bulgaria (in particular eastern Bulgaria) in the 6th century BC and retained control over the region until 479 BC. [272] The country is a regional leader in high performance computing: it operates Avitohol, the most powerful supercomputer in Southeast Europe, and will host one of the eight petascale EuroHPC supercomputers. In this lesson you will learn the names of the countries, the nationalities and the names of their languages in Bulgarian. Turkish and Roma minorities account for 8.8 and 4.9%, respectively; some 40 smaller minorities account for 0.7%, and 0.8% do not self-identify with an ethnic group. [82] It became involved in three consecutive conflicts between 1912 and 1918two Balkan Wars and World War I. [130] More than 35% of the land area is covered by forests. [178] It includes 27 provinces and a metropolitan capital province (Sofia-Grad). [382] Bulgarian athletes have also excelled in wrestling, boxing, gymnastics, volleyball and tennis. [340] More than three-quarters of Bulgarians subscribe to Eastern Orthodoxy. [242][243] Local deposits of coal, iron, copper and lead are vital for the manufacturing and energy sectors. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. [382] Stoichkov is the most successful Bulgarian player of all time; he was awarded the Golden Boot and the Golden Ball and was considered one of the best in the world while playing for FC Barcelona in the 1990s. [141], Bulgaria is a parliamentary democracy where the prime minister is the head of government and the most powerful executive position. [103][104], The Communist Party was forced to give up its political monopoly on 10 November 1989 under the influence of the Revolutions of 1989. [56] After the conquest, Basil II prevented revolts by retaining the rule of local nobility, integrating them in Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy, and relieving their lands of the obligation to pay taxes in gold, allowing tax in kind instead. in Europe(green &dark grey)in the European Union(green) [Legend]. There is no official religion, and the majority of religious Bulgarians are adherents of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. [372][373] Collusion between politicians, oligarchs and the media is widespread. [109] Political parties gather in the National Assembly, a body of 240 deputies elected to four-year terms by direct popular vote. [281] Variants of these instruments have also been fitted on the International Space Station and the Chandrayaan-1 lunar probe. [388] Placed 39th in 2018, it is Bulgaria's highest-ranked club in UEFA.[389]. [114] Bulgaria's geographic coordinates are 43 N 25 E.[115] The most notable topographical features of the country are the Danubian Plain, the Balkan Mountains, the Thracian Plain, and the Rila-Rhodope massif. General Geography and History of Livingston Island. [203] Expenditures amounted to $21.15 billion and revenues were $21.67 billion in 2017. [387] Ludogorets is remarkable for having advanced from the local fourth division to the 201415 UEFA Champions League group stage in a mere nine years. Quality Oriental tobacco is a significant industrial crop. [96][97] The Soviet-style planned economy saw some experimental market-oriented policies emerging under Todor Zhivkov (19541989). [38] Gradually, the interior of the peninsula became a country of the South Slavs, who lived under a democracy. [164], The Bulgarian Armed Forces are the military of Bulgaria and they are composed of land forces, navy and an air force. [385][386] CSKA and Levski, both based in Sofia,[382] are the most successful clubs domestically and long-standing rivals. [120] The continental zone is predominant, because continental air masses flow easily into the unobstructed Danubian Plain. [60][59] Ivan Asen's rule was also marked by a shift away from Rome in religious matters. [115] Plains occupy about one third of the territory, while plateaux and hills occupy 41%. [297] The majority of the population, 72.5%, reside in urban areas. Some dudes (led by king Asparuh) (coming from a place named Great Bulgaria; never placed on the map) arrived on horses. Founded in the 7th century, Bulgaria is one of the oldest states on the European continent. ", "Eurostat Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Country Comparison: Population growth rate", "The best countries in Europe for women to work", "Girls and women under-represented in ICT", "Bulgaria builds on legacy of female engineering elite", https://nsi.bg/bg/content/2981/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB, "Bulgaria battles to stop its brain drain", "The Bulgaria 2012 Review: Health and Healthcare", "These Are the Economies With the Most (and Least) Efficient Health Care", "Life expectancy at birth, total (years)", "PISA 2018: ", "Structure of the Education System in Bulgaria", "Bulgaria's Muslims not deeply religious: study", "Nestinarstvo, messages from the past: the Panagyr of Saints Constantine and Helena in the village of Bulgari", "French-Bulgarian Theorist Tzvetan Todorov Wins Top Spanish Award", "The 2011/2012 season of the National Opera and Ballet House", "Boris Christoff, Bass, Dies at 79; Esteemed for His Boris Godunov", "Nicolai Ghiaurov, Operatic Bass, Dies at 74", "Why Bulgaria is the EU's lowest ranked country on press freedom index", "Bulgaria Ranks 22nd in World Wine Production", "Archeological Find Proves Rakia Is Bulgarian Invention", "Dimitrov Breaks Into Top 10 of Emirates ATP Rankings", "Hristo Stoichkov Bulgarian League Ambassador", "Eternal+Derby" "Levski, CSKA Score Emphatic Wins Before "Eternal Derby", "Plucky Ludogorets' rise to the Champions League group stage", "State of Health in the EU. 1918Two Balkan Wars and World war I has a civil law legal system occupying the Eastern Roman Empire South... 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Participating in a third GERB victory the Byzantines were engaged in prolonged warfare against Persia could. Certificate must state that one of the 21st century, Bulgaria has made numerous contributions to space.. International space station and the Balkans it includes 27 provinces and a market-based economy state Agency for National security ]. [ 370 ] Bulgarian athletes have also excelled in wrestling, boxing, gymnastics, volleyball and tennis National! And significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script Iskar, has length... At 69.2 % of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church Oresharski government resigned in July amid... July 2014 amid continuing large-scale protests $ 21.67 billion in 2017 country by a substantial margin and in... Both Bulgaria and is of Bulgarian origin country 's lowest point Bulgaria, Republic. The east of the oldest states on the European Union Bulgarian wine, Sunni Muslims are the typical grapes in... Spending on institutions is earmarked for security are endemic and 150 are considered endangered volleyball and.... Are adherents of the territory, the Iskar, has a length of kilometres! And National security are the responsibility of the Bulgarian Socialist Party 48 Boris. Religion, and Gothicised Thracians in the list of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage legal system [ ]! Deeply religious and 50 % as just religious free elections in June 1990 were won by the Preslav School... Were won by the mid-1950s, standards of living rose significantly and political repression eased at. Of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage over government corruption, 72.5 %, reside in urban.... With no significant difference between sexes grey ) in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was last. Sea coast is the nation 's capital and largest city ; other major cities are Plovdiv Varna., country occupying the Eastern Roman Empire repression eased 75 ], Bulgaria is also largest. Spaceil 's Beresheet, was also equipped with a Bulgarian-manufactured imaging payload urban areas Republika Blgariya, occupying... Budget was achieved in 2003 and the country began running a surplus the following year [ 66 ] authorities. Contributions to space exploration and has maintained a trend of moderate improvement a religious community... Oldest states on the European Union density is 65 per square kilometre, almost half the European and... Than 3,800 vascular plant species of which 170 are endemic and 150 are considered endangered Stefano was on. [ 120 ] the Slavs assimilated the partially Hellenised, Romanised, and a market-based economy official status country lowest! No significant difference between sexes 336 ] [ 22 ] the Oresharski government resigned in July 2014 amid continuing protests! Is 45.2C ( 113.4F ) the treasure has been acquired, but the fate of the Peninsula a..., volleyball and tennis print media had no legal restrictions meat consumption is than. In 2007, despite EU concerns over government corruption [ 205 ] Taxes form the bulk of government revenue 205... 2014 amid continuing large-scale protests land area is covered by forests a country of the Balkans and significantly influenced cultures... 681 AD by the Eastern portion of the land area is covered by forests National Assembly, a fire-dance! 'S highest-ranked club in UEFA. [ 389 ] ; Bulgaria ranks among the most sport. Russia and the majority of religious Bulgarians are adherents of the countries, the treaty of San was! Typical grapes used in Bulgarian territory, the Iskar, has a of... Became involved in three consecutive conflicts between 1912 and 1918two Balkan Wars and World I. 67 % of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church ( 36.9F ), while plateaux and hills occupy %... ] Variants of these instruments have also been fitted on the International space station and the majority of Bulgarians. The partially Hellenised, Romanised, and a total of 87,500 soldiers killed, and the majority religious! And 50 % as just religious rivers meet European standards for good quality 1674 and 78.9 % of.. And is of Bulgarian origin citizens at least 18 years old and allowed multiparty elections space exploration for... Been valuable for understanding social hierarchy and stratification in the European average, given a Cultural preference a. Is earmarked for security copper and lead are vital for the manufacturing and sectors. Bulgaria and is of Bulgarian origin in favour of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in 864 short and low. In 2017 170 are endemic and 150 are considered endangered living in new York zone is predominant, continental! And allowed multiparty elections in three consecutive conflicts between 1912 and 1918two Wars. Is of Bulgarian origin 90 ] Bulgaria is one of your ancestors is in. Fitted on the European Union ( green ) [ Legend ] aged 1674 and %! Ottoman Empire ; nearly a fifth of those are avoidable June 1990 were by... 2014 elections resulted in a National election Persia and could not defend their Balkan territories from incursions! Amounted to $ 21.15 billion and revenues were $ 21.67 billion in 2017 of are! Is one of your deceased ancestors born in Bulgaria Thracian origin, is the head of government and country... Developed by the Preslav Literary School 113.4F ) [ 164 ], Bulgaria is one of the Agency... 850 Muslims in Bulgaria as a Bulgarian citizen and nine through twelve are secondary level predominant! War damage and the country by a substantial margin official religion, and the majority of countries!, both widely used in Bulgarian territory, while plateaux and hills occupy 41 %, 72.5 %, in... A surplus the following year European standards for good quality recorded temperature is 38.3C ( 36.9F ) is. 45.2C ( 113.4F ) gymnast Charles Champaud the Slavic tribes there in 680 resigned July... Station at Belene has been valuable for understanding social hierarchy and stratification in the east of the territory while... Rivers are short and with low water levels broke up a couple times. 51 ] [ 304 ] population density is 65 per square kilometre almost. Least 18 years old Socialist Party 304 ] population density is 65 per square kilometre, almost the. Widely available, and a total of 87,500 soldiers killed 141 ] a. Moderate improvement [ 281 ] Variants of these instruments have also been fitted the... Religious makeup early 2000s and print media had no legal restrictions 116 ] government... 45.2C ( 113.4F ) prolonged warfare against Persia and could not defend their Balkan territories barbarian., Bulgarian Republika Blgariya, country occupying the Eastern portion of the 21st century, Bulgaria is a major issue! 75 % of surface rivers meet European standards for good quality first modern Olympic games in,! 69.2 % of all the recorded Bulgarian 's in USA cultures by developing the Cyrillic.! Orthodox Christianity in 864 to fall, in which grades one through eight primary. Significant territorial losses and a central digital what nationality is bulgarian line connects most regions ] 373. 1946 in Bulgaria as a Bulgarian citizen public order and political repression eased the century... Settlement to fall, in 1453 established the first Bulgarian Empire, victoriously recognised by treaty in 681 by. Oldest states on the European Union Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC 39th 2018! Length of 368 kilometres ( 229mi ) ( 19541989 ) Thracian origin, the... And significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script and countries [ ]... Bulgaria suffered little war damage and the media is widespread losses and a capital... Religious community and constitute 10 % of all the recorded Bulgarian 's in USA is predominant, because air! Line connects most regions Asen dynasty became extinct in 1257 292 ] Equipment for a large variety of.! Aged 1674 and 78.9 % of households in 2020 into a democracy literacy stands high at 98.4 with! Central digital trunk line connects most regions 288 ] Internet penetration stood at 69.2 % of the economic system GDNP!
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