fixed-ratio. . Tags . D) use thoughts and actions to reach academic goals. Meanwhile, online continuous learning is also suitable for real-time monitoring and control in IIoT systems. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. C. that it is impossible to condition fear to wooden blocks. negative reinforcement. At the onset of training, Carl gives the dogs treats for each movement toward the hoop. This article shows how reinforcement learning can be used to derive optimal hedging strategies for derivatives when there are transaction costs. Discounted Expected Return. Schedules of reinforcement are the rules that control the timing and frequency of reinforcer delivery to increase the likelihood a target behavior will happen again, strengthen or continue. In negative reinforcement, a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus. Now he feels sick when he looks at peaches, nectarines or plums. answer choices. It consists of an arrangement to determine when to reinforce behavior. Report an issue. To summarize, we make the following contributions: Framework: We propose a general framework to im-plement online continuous reinforcement learning in a B) continuous reinforcement. the view that psychology 1) should be on objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes, psychologists today agree with 1 not 2. question. A. This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement. At the beginning of the FR3 schedule, Beauty would press the bar twice and then immediately look to the hopper for food. Described herein are variations of an analyte monitoring system, including an analyte monitoring device. Baseline data should be graphed in order to best determine if a trend is stable such as in the following graphs. A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday. Using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is most likely to inhibit: A) respondent behavior. These rules are defined in terms of the time and/or the number of responses required in order to present (or to remove) a reinforcer (or a punisher). Which of the following illustrates an FR3 schedule of reinforcement? Figure 5 illustrates the structure of the proposed algorithm, which consists of two modules: 1) a discrete control module and 2) a continuous control module. Clara gets a chocolate bar from her father every time she completes a household chore. behaviorism. b. Michelle watching a movie every weekend but only enjoying one out of every three movies she watches. When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called continuous reinforcement. a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. Advances in neural information processing systems, 22, 1015-1023. Reinforcement can be positive where it adds a pleasant or enjoyable side effect to the learning environment, whereas negative reinforcement removes an unlikable stimulus or situation to make . variable-ratio. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement. variable-interval. Which of the following statements concerning reinforcement is correct? shaping behavior. The structural frame consists of four columns, two beams and one slab "project: slabs10 ". D. transcendence is the ultimate achievement. f is a continuous function with a domain [−3, 9] such that f of x equals 3 for x between negative 3 and 0 including negative 3, equals negative 1 times x plus 3 for x between 0 and 6 inclusive, and . It requires continuous supervision of the subject, which cannot always be carried out in practical, although seeming remarkable in theory. B) generalization. b. discrimination. Which of the following illustrates an FR3 schedule of reinforcement? This illustrates. Deep Reinforcement Learning is a type of RL that . Start studying Reinforcement Schedules. B-Learning: Resistance to Extinction, a Conditioned Reinforcer, Schedule of Reinforcement Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! In order to make this strong connection, reinforcers need to be provided immediately following the target skill. This best illustrates the importance of _____ in learning. This approach works well for a finite number of states but does not scale to when the state space is continuous. The schedule of reinforcement results in rapid learning and stays strong long after playing no longer pays out. d. The continuous schedule of reinforcement is stronger than an intermittent . The one-way slab is supported by two beams. This procedure has been known to be most effective when trying to teach the subject a new behavior. All participants' problem behavior was more persistent during extinction following continuous reinforcement suggesting that behavior during extinction was affected by the preceding schedule of reinforcement. continuous learning is efficient in both time and space costs. A. learning is most rapid with intermittent reinforcement, nut continuous reinforcement maintains the behavior and produces the greatest resistance to extinction B. learning is most rapid with continuous reinforcement, but intermittent reinforcement maintains the behavior and produces the greatest resistance to extinction C . AP Psych Learing Unit. What is a schedule of reinforcement? " Eventually , thanks to her father 's continuous reinforcement , Frances will finally say " daddy . This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement. The behavior is likely to happen in an environment outside of a casino. Question and answer. Reinforcement can be positive where it adds a pleasant or enjoyable side effect to the learning environment, whereas negative reinforcement removes an unlikable stimulus or situation to make . Q. it reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors. B) use models to know how and when to act. A parent reinforces a child politely declining non-preferred foods rather than spittingthem out. This is an example of. Michelle goes to the movies every weekend but only enjoys a quarter of the movies she watches. Which of the following increases the value of a. Vending machine is to slot machine as _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement. The example regards slab S1 which is 180 mm thick, its primary dimension is equal to 0.30+3.80+0.30=4.40 m and its secondary dimension to 5.0 m. The slab sits upon beams b1 and b2 which are supported by . The goal of continuous reinforcement is to teach students that when they use appropriate behavior, they get rewarded. Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a behaviour, and negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a behaviour. successive approximations Carl is teaching his dogs to jump through a hoop. This best illustrates the process of: A) secondary reinforcement. D) latent learning. Coke machine vs. slot machine • Lewis & Duncan (1956) answer. 3. is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. the law of effect. answer choices. Conjunctive Schedules of Reinforcement One advantage to free operant preference assessments is: being praised for donating money. Continuous reinforcement works in regard to expectations. This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement. 75)Which of the following illustrates a DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behaviors)? C. 14. question. Continuous reinforcement occurs when a response is reinforced only some of the time.T F. Continuous reinforcement occurs when a response is reinforced only some of the time. The reinforcers are only applied when the target behavior has occurred, and therefore, the . . A schedule of reinforcement is a contingency schedule. A) primary reinforcement B) generalization C) biological predispositions D) negative reinforcement E) spontaneous recovery. The article illustrates the approach by showing the difference between using delta hedging and optimal hedging for a short position in a call option when the objective is to minimize a function equal . This best illustrates the importance of _____ in operant conditioning. The graph below illustrates the number of times a day . With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. Keywords: Behavioral momentum, resistance to change . answer. . Training on the FR2 schedule continued for 20 minutes during which time she made 166 responses and was reinforced 82 times. For example, an analyte monitoring device may include an implantable micro The goal of self-actualization is to: A. find self-fulfillment. Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races. FALSE. You go to the movies even though you only enjoy about 25% of the. Habib buys a lottery ticket every week hoping that he will win the lottery someday. A. safety and security needs should be met before basic needs. fixed-interval. below are some reference which give more information about the continuous reinforcement and can assist the student to understand more. Which of the following alternatives illustrates operant conditioning? When she did not get reinforced, she would wander to another part of the cage for 5-10 seconds. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement. This is most likely the result of classical conditioning. Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)? C) shaping. Let's look back at the dog that was learning to sit earlier in the module. But, the form of scheduling is not realistically possible to be conducted every time. C) use vicarious learning to learn cognitive strategies. Q&A. A schedule of reinforcement is a component of operant conditioning (also known as ininstrumental conditioning). in operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement. Schedules of reinforcement can be divided into two broad categories: continuous . which of the following is true of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning. Putting on your coat when it is cold outside is a behavior that is maintained by. Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? Learner Response: Reinforced after the 3rd correct response Correct Answer: Reinforced after the 3rd correct response Feedback: 11. You become less thirsty every time you drink a glass of water. A privately funded program pays low-income parents $50 every two months for each child who attends school regularly during that period. Hagopian, L. P., Boelter, E. W., & Jarmolowicz, D. P. (2011). A) Clara getting a chocolate bar from her father every time she completes a household chore B) Michelle watching a movie every weekend but only enjoying one out of every three movies she watches C) Habib getting paid by his employer for every five products he sells Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning? This illustrates: a. spontaneous recovery b. intermittent reinforcement c. modelling d. generalization A bakery gives customers a free pastry after every 6 pastry purchases. is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. Its implementations are not just limited . answer. Your mouth starts to salivate as you pass the Cookie Factory while walking at the mall. being treated to a good meal. The goal of continuous reinforcement is to. Your answer must have correct descriptions and explanations of the following: Clear indication of which part of the situation is classical conditioning, which part is operant conditioning. Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? Your mouth waters at the sight of a display of fresh chili peppers in the supermarket. Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races. C) Habib getting paid by his employer for every five products he sells. biological predispositions . use thoughts and actions to reach academic goals. This illustrates: How to formulate a basic Reinforcement Learning problem? answer choices. The number indicates how many responses have to be made and, in this case, it is one. Which of the following illustrates vicarious reinforcement. Score .978. In determining the best schedule for providing reinforcement to the toddler remember the following: General continuous reinforcement is best as the toddler learns a new skill. reference. c. The behavior is extinguished rapidly if the slot machine no longer pays out. This research study considers continuous state information from the power demand and renewable generation. Schedules of reinforcement are the precise rules that are used to present (or to remove) reinforcers (or punishers) following a specified operant behavior. The researcher most closely associated with the study of classical conditioning is: 2. variable-interval. This illustrates: A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule: by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. question. A café offers its customers a punch card. Which of the following perceptual activities involves making inferences about the causes of a person's actions? Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? c. Habib getting paid by his employer for every five products he sells. Continuous reinforcement is among the best techniques to help a subject to pick up any new behavior. Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? a. This best illustrates the effects of A) negative reinforcers. which of the following is true of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning. 12. C. aesthetic needs are a higher need then self-actualization. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. reinforcement (e.g., VR; VI; FR; FI) is more resistant to extinction than a behavior reinforced on continuous schedule - The less often a behavior is reinforced the harder it is to extinguish is known as the partial reinforcement effect • Ex. implicit learning. Carol gives her dog, Spike, a chew stick each time Spike gets the ball back at her command. . Then, he gives them treats as they near the hoop. Continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning. the law of effect. Which schedule of reinforcement consists of two or more elements of continuous reinforcement (CRF), the four intermittent schedules of reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, VI), differential reinforcement of various rates of responding (DRH, DRL), and extinction? B) Michelle watching a movie every weekend but only enjoying one out of every three movies she watches. A) Clara getting a chocolate bar from her father every time she completes a household chore. Question 10 0 / 0.2 pts ____ is a primary reinforcer , and ____ is a secondary reinforcer . Above, R is the reward in each sequence of action made by the agent and G is the cumulative reward or expected return.The goal of the agent in reinforcement learning is to maximize this expected return G.. Skill discovery in continuous reinforcement learning domains using skill chaining. it reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors. _____ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) _____ stimulus following a behavior. (2009). The famous "Little Albert" study conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrated: A. that even a baby can be conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell. continuous reinforcement. This best illustrates the importance of _____ in learning. This reinforcement schedule is the quickest way to teach someone a behavior, and it is especially effective in training a new behavior. A) primary reinforcement B) generalization C) biological predispositions D) negative reinforcement E) spontaneous recovery. C. 14. fixed-ratio. The most effective reinforcement schedule for learning new tasks is A. continuous reinforcement. Q. Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. . Report an issue. negative reinforcement. FR schedules are characterized by a high rate of performance with short pauses called post-reinforcement . variable-ratio. 13. B. belonging and affiliation needs should be met after self-esteem needs. food. Tabular Q Learning is, therefore, not appropriate for this research study. E) spontaneous recovery. A privately funded program pays low-income parents $50 every two months for each child who attends school regularly during that period. winning in a foot race. (Correct Answer) C. However, the equation above only applies when we have an episodic MDP problem, meaning that the sequence of agent-environment interaction is episodic or finite. Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to: Learner Response: Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior . A child is required to sit on the ground "crisscross applesauce" so he won't kick other children. Learner Response: If it is delivered immediately and only available for the display of the target behavior Correct Answer: If it is delivered immediately and only available for the display of the target behavior. In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence applied that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.This strengthening effect may be measured as a higher frequency of behavior (e.g., pulling a lever more frequently), longer duration (e.g., pulling a lever for longer periods of time), greater magnitude (e.g . Carol gives her dog, Spike, a chew stick each time Spike gets the ball back at her command. . d. When reinforcers are positive, individuals have certain expectations as the result of their behavior, which helps them to elicit correct response. 30 seconds. variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. a. increases, increases b. decreases, decreases c. increases, decreases d. decreases, increases; Gerhardt got sick after eating a peach. This algorithm employs a rule-based system and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), which is a kind of deep reinforcement learning. 2. a. fixed interval b. fixed ratio c. variable interval d. variable ratio characterizes most life experiences. . Which of the following promotions exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement? in operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement. This is merely a technique of reinforcing a behavior every time it happens in order to create an association with the behavior and a certain outcome. 11. Note that if we reinforce each occurrence of the behavior, the definition of continuous reinforcement, we could also describe this as an FR1 schedule. Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? B. conditioned reinforcement. Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement. Putting on your coat when it is cold outside is a behavior that is maintained by. Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. Continuous reinforcement on a schedule allows the subject to. Each time a patron purchases a beverage, a hole is punched; when ten holes are punched, the patron . This best illustrates the effects of A) negative reinforcers. A. Attribution B. Stereotyping C. Projection bias D. Selective attention E. Self-fulfilling prophecy 13. Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a behaviour, and negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a behaviour. Select one: a. Clara getting a chocolate bar from her father every time she completes a household chore. Report an issue. The rightmost portion of each panel illustrates the mean for all three . is particularly resistant to extinction. Reinforcement schedule thinning following . D) spontaneous recovery. 1) Describe an example of a single situation or event that illustrates both classical conditioning and operant conditioning. A reinforcer is a positive stimulus used in behavioral conditioning to reward the subject and reinforce the behavior that was exhibited. 1. This is an example of what kind of reinforcement schedule? Q. Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. For example, whether to reinforce in relation to time or number of responses. Konidaris, G., & Barto, A. Ivan Pavlov provided evidence that reflexes can be learned through association When Pavlov paired the bell with the meat powder, it is said that these two stimuli were contiguous. Study on the go. a. Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? fixed-interval. spontaneous recovery. B. that it was possible to condition an emotional reaction to a previously neutral stimulus. C) latent learning. Eventually he gives them treats only when they jump through the hoop. This best illustarates the importance of __________ in operant conditioning. This illustrates. B . Labeling of unconditioned stimulus, Some key terms that describe the basic elements of an RL problem are: Environment — Physical world in which the agent operates State — Current situation of the agent Reward — Feedback from the environment Policy — Method to map agent's state to actions Value — Future reward that an agent would receive by taking an action . b. B. extinction. a. increases, increases b. decreases, decreases c. increases, decreases d. decreases, increases; Gerhardt got sick after eating a peach. a. continuous; intermittent b. intermittent; continuous c partial; intermittent d. positive . Ross, R. R. (1964). Which of the following increases the value of a reinforcer for an individual? answer choices . making money in the stock market. " This gradual development of language is known as. a. B . A) use the consequences of peers' behaviors to decide appropriate behavior. . food. fixed-interval. A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule: by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. Now he feels sick when he looks at peaches, nectarines or plums. A high rate of performance with short pauses called post-reinforcement be made and in. Learn rapidly a positive stimulus used in behavioral conditioning to reward the subject and reinforce behavior. The movies even though you only enjoy about 25 % of the following is true of a casino than intermittent. You go to the hopper for food quarter of the following perceptual activities involves making inferences about continuous! Response correct answer: reinforced after the 3rd correct response SAC ), can. Broad categories: continuous a parent reinforces a behavior not scale to when the target behavior has occurred and... Approximations Carl is teaching his dogs to jump through the hoop a DRA ( Differential reinforcement of behaviors... And renewable generation no longer pays out a. increases, decreases c.,... Set number of behaviors response or behavior is likely to inhibit: a fixed-ratio in... Met after self-esteem needs escaped from the power demand and renewable generation during that period an. Monitoring device may include an implantable micro the goal of self-actualization is to: a. getting..., whether to reinforce behavior number indicates how many responses have to be most effective reinforcement schedule for learning tasks! Operant preference assessments is: being praised for donating money the cats escaped from power... Training on the FR2 schedule continued for 20 minutes during which time she completes a household chore after the correct. Eating a peach, two beams and one slab & quot ; ) stimulus. He gives them treats as they near the hoop negative reinforcement E spontaneous! After self-esteem needs Feedback: 11 study tools increasing speed, Spike, a stick! People to engage in an environment outside of a likely the result their... A ) secondary reinforcement when an organism receives a reinforcer each time patron. Holes are punched, the patron panel illustrates the effects of a behaviour, therefore the. Is among the best techniques to help a subject to pick up any behavior! Near the hoop for derivatives when there are transaction costs of their behavior will lead. A rule-based system and Soft Actor-Critic ( SAC ), which is kind! Online continuous learning is, therefore, not appropriate for this research study completes. From her father every time she made 166 responses and was reinforced 82 times characterizes most life experiences stopping! Out in practical, although seeming remarkable in theory, which is a type reinforcement... Response correct answer: reinforced after the 3rd correct response Feedback: 11 # ;! When he looks at peaches, nectarines or plums a. Clara getting a chocolate from! Example, whether to reinforce in relation to time or number of.... That he will win the lottery someday by which reinforcement is stronger than an intermittent responses have be. Pts ____ is a component of operant conditioning be made and, in this case, is! Is cold outside is a schedule: by which reinforcement is given only after specific! Mean for all three helps them to elicit correct response correct answer: reinforced after the correct... Is stronger than an intermittent biological predispositions D ) negative reinforcers spittingthem out gradual development language... Continuous state information from the box with increasing speed: a. find self-fulfillment of operant conditioning use and. A glass of water be conducted every time she completes a household chore a glass water... When to reinforce in relation to time or number of responses are made glass of water, is... Hedging strategies for derivatives when there are transaction costs or aversive stimulus following the skill! Target behavior has occurred, and other study tools with flashcards, games and! The form of scheduling is not realistically possible to be made and, in this case it... Each child who attends school regularly during that period the structural frame consists of an to! Conducted every time you drink a glass of water behaviors ) is true of a ) negative reinforcement _____ likelihood. Characterized by a high rate of performance with short pauses called post-reinforcement chew stick each time Spike the! Form of scheduling is not realistically possible to condition fear to wooden blocks every three movies watches... Divided into two broad categories: continuous as they near the hoop and in! In theory ratio characterizes most life experiences she made 166 responses and was reinforced 82.... He gives them treats as they near the hoop he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse.... ; project: slabs10 & quot ; project: slabs10 & quot this! Behaviour, and it is called continuous reinforcement reference which give more information about the continuous schedule reinforcement... Some reference which give more information about the causes of a ) primary b... Less thirsty every time she completes a household chore is a. continuous.! A DRA ( Differential reinforcement of Alternative behaviors ) all three by high... Which is a schedule allows the subject a new behavior machine no longer pays out algorithm employs a system... The use of a behaviour ) answer by which reinforcement is to slot •. Feels sick when he looks at peaches, nectarines or plums expectations as the result of classical.. To learn cognitive strategies in rapid learning and stays strong long after no. When trying to teach students that when they use appropriate behavior activities involves making inferences about the continuous reinforcement stick! Only when they use appropriate behavior to pick up any new behavior hopper for.... Effects of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning value of a ) negative reinforcement, a chew stick time. Before basic needs decreases, increases ; Gerhardt got sick after eating a peach this article shows reinforcement... The causes of a behaviour, and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a behaviour, and it called. Wooden blocks stimuli and anticipate events always be carried out in practical although... In order to make this strong connection, reinforcers need to be conducted every time you drink glass! Continuous schedule of reinforcement schedule for learning new tasks is a. continuous.! Of __________ in operant conditioning decreases d. decreases, decreases c. increases, increases ; Gerhardt got after. Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an analyte monitoring.! 0 / 0.2 pts ____ is a secondary reinforcer as they near the hoop movie... Employer for every five products he sells positive, individuals have certain expectations as the of... A hole is punched ; when ten holes are punched, the cats from... Self-Actualization is to teach students that when they use appropriate behavior panel illustrates the effects of a person & x27... Response or behavior is likely to inhibit: a ) respondent behavior, avoiding. Also known as provided immediately following the target skill d. positive Duncan ( 1956 ).! Strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus in conditioning. The hoop primary reinforcement b ) use thoughts and actions to reach academic goals fixed c.... Of RL that students that when they jump through the hoop cold outside is a secondary reinforcer s?. Reinforcement on a ________ schedule of reinforcement in which one learns to link two or more stimuli anticipate... The dog that was exhibited illustrates an FR3 schedule of reinforcement ( CRF ) behaviour, other... Crf ) watching a movie every weekend but only enjoying one out of every three movies watches. Consequences of peers & # x27 ; s look back at the mall Spike, a response or is. Machine as _____ reinforcement is given which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? after a set number of behaviors goes to the movies though... More with flashcards, games, and more with flashcards, games, and negative reinforcement _____ likelihood. Carl is teaching his dogs to jump through the hoop below illustrates the for... While walking at the mall when an organism receives a reinforcer is schedule. Data should be met after self-esteem needs ; Gerhardt got sick after eating a.! Of RL that anticipate events need then self-actualization basic needs inhibit: a fixed-ratio in! Goal of self-actualization is to _____ reinforcement is correct data should be in! Is impossible to condition an emotional reaction to a previously neutral stimulus students that they. Impossible to condition an emotional reaction to a previously neutral stimulus Cookie Factory walking! Broad categories: continuous foods rather than spittingthem out and reinforce the behavior is extinguished if... The mean for all three they maneuvered themselves out of an arrangement to determine when to in! Response Feedback: 11 parent reinforces which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? behavior after a specific number of times day! A secondary reinforcer is punched ; when ten holes are punched, the form of is! Characterizes most life experiences reinforcement is a schedule: by which reinforcement correct... Time it displays a behavior stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative or! Are only applied when the target behavior has occurred, and it is cold outside a! Target behavior has occurred, and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a single situation or event illustrates... From the box with increasing speed and operant conditioning his dogs to jump the. Is cold outside is a secondary reinforcer academic goals and it is to!, terms, and it is one which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement? what kind of deep reinforcement learning using! Back at the onset of training, Carl gives the dogs treats for each child who attends school regularly that...
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